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| Sport Injuries |
Sport Injuries
Sports injuries are an important aspect of sports medicine, sports injuries
have developed with the development of diagnosis and treatment methods, and
the science of sports injuries is an important and indispensable basis in
developing the ability of the athlete and protecting him from injuries that
he may be exposed to while practicing a particular sport because knowing the
causes of sports injury Make the sports coach aware of ways to avoid them,
provide safety and security during physical activity, and appropriate
prevention of these injuries.
When a sports injury occurs, the science of sports injuries guides the coach
to take the early and necessary measures for first aid if it is discovered
and diagnosed, and transfers the injured to the treatment centers in sound
ways so that the injured is not exposed to complications, as well as
choosing the best treatment methods that guarantee a perfect and complete
recovery and a speedy return to the exercised sports activity from before
the player.
The science of sports injuries depends on many other sciences and has a
direct relationship with anatomy and sports physiology and many sports
sciences such as sports training science, sports tests, measurements,
psychology, biomechanics and others. .
Injuries concept
It is the exposure of the various tissues, organs and organs of the body to
external or internal influences that lead to anatomical and physiological
changes in the place of injury, which disrupts the work or function of that
affected tissue or organ...
Common causes of sports injuries
Sports injuries vary depending on the type of sports activity practiced, the
nature of performance and the level of competition, as well as the
psychological aspect, skill preparation, physical fitness, awareness of the
athlete and his awareness of the danger of the movement he performs and the
possibility of causing injury, as well as his knowledge of how to avoid it
and limit its occurrence or prevent it permanently.
Among the most important causes of sports injuries are the following:
Wrong and random training
(such as the player being overburdened, insufficient warm-up, lack of
integration of the types of fitness elements in sports training, poor
organization of exercises in the distribution of effort and rest, lack of
coordination of work and compatibility in the muscle groups leading to
physical effort, and the lack of gradation in the load) ..
Not paying attention to the health aspect of the athlete and neglecting it
(such as not subjecting the athletes to comprehensive periodic medical
examinations and neglecting the basic health requirements for the athlete
such as food, housing, lighting, ventilation and others).
Bad and invalid sports equipment
(Pitch flooring, sports clothing and appropriate footwear).
Violation of sports laws
(Deliberate violence and roughness in play, violation of agreed sports laws
while playing, and use of stimulants prohibited in sports).
Failure to take into account internal and external factors and weather conditions during playing sports or training for competitions
(such as extreme cold, or extreme heat, rain, wind, high places) and so on.
Poor mental state and away from sportsmanship.
(such as anxiety, tension and depression resulting from problems that the
player may encounter in his life and during competitions, such as being
unloving his opponent or pressure to win in any way and others)..
Inconsistency of players
In terms of physical and psychological readiness and skill level due
to differences in age, gender or other factors.
The player is not familiar with the necessary preventive and
remedial measures.
The main symptoms of sports injuries
- Pain in the affected part during rest or movement within the normal range.
- Pain when pressing on the injury site.
- A tumor at the site of the injury as a result of hemorrhage.
- A deformity occurs at the site of the injury.
- Unsteadiness of the affected part (it moves abnormally, especially when joints are injured).
- Stiffness of the affected joints and the joints close to the site of the injury.
- Inability of the athlete to walk or move normally.
- A player's skin color changes in the affected area. And muscle weakness or atrophy.
- Hearing sounds when moving in the affected part (especially in the case of a fracture). .
Complications of sports injuries
Several complications occur in the case of neglect of first aid for sports
injuries or the wrong method of first aid, or in the case of wrong
treatment and incomplete treatment in the correct manner.
Chronic injury means permanent injury.
Some injuries, if treated incorrectly, can lead to permanent disabilities.
Playing games incorrectly leads to deformities.
Decreased physical efficiency of the player due to interruption from
training and competition for long periods, which leads to a shortening of
the athlete’s life.
Sports injuries and the factors affecting their occurrence
Athletes are exposed to injury as a result of continuous effort on the
various tissues, organs and systems of the body, especially when the basic
scientific and technical conditions are not taken into account during
training. The sudden stress of a particular part or organ of the body may
be more than the strength of the possibility of its tissues and thus lead
to injury.
Excess pressure on a particular organ of the body may occur in an instant
and quickly as a result of an error in the application of the movement or
as a result of an unexpected accident, or the injury arises as a result of
a previous minor injury that is repeated to the same place, leading to
serious injuries if it continues to occur and falls below
Some common stadium injuries
- Eye injuries (swimming, hockey)
- Eye inflammation (squash).
- Ear injuries (wrestling).
- Neck injury (football, gymnastics, diving).
- Shoulder tendon injury (inflammation) (swimming, handball).
- Elbow tendinitis (tennis)
- Thigh muscle injuries (running, football).
- Knee ligament injury (wrestling, foot).
- Hamstringitis (running, basketball).
- Patellar stiffness (running, football).
- Leg bruising (hockey, football).
- Foot injuries (football, basketball).
- Back injuries (weight lifting).
Factors affecting sports injuries
Several factors are involved in the occurrence of stadium injuries and can
be traced back to the following:
Fitness
It is one of the important factors to protect the athlete from injury.
Strong muscles support the athlete’s body and protect the joints and bones
of the body working on them from the stresses placed on them when
performing violent exercises and exercises, and give the joint ligaments
the ability to work within the normal range and without obstacles.
Inadequate physical pattern for the type of activity practiced
Each practicing sports activity has physical (morphological)
specifications that are consistent with the type of skills and movements
required for each sports game, which must be among the necessary
conditions in selecting players for a specific activity. Its center of
gravity is off the ground and the stresses on the spine.
Skill performance method
Performing skills in a correct manner and taking appropriate situations
and techniques in their implementation protects players from injury. On
the contrary, some exercises and movements are dangerous and it is very
necessary to stay away from them because they expose the body’s organs to
pressure while performing them, as in the lifting movement (deadly lift)
in weights, which causes pain and injury Lumbar and sacral region in the
lower part of the lower back.
environmental factors
It includes high or low temperatures and humidity, all of which affects
the way the player performs and adds effort to the organs and body organs,
causing early stress and loss of neuromuscular compatibility and increases
the possibility of injury.
Age
Sports injuries occur at all ages, but there are common injuries at
certain age groups, for example, injuries (fractures, muscle and joint
injury, and injury to growth centers at the ends of long bones) are
common in adolescence.
In the age of maturity, the player exercises intense exercises because
of his high ambition to compete, which may cause injury to his muscles.
As for at the age of over thirty, when the player continues to practice
his activity and due to the difficulty of reaching the level of
competition at such an age, the player exerts a very intense effort that
may lead him to injury, especially in the muscle tendons and ligaments
of the joints, at this age experience and skill appear, but gradually
decrease Fitness.
Psychological factor
Psychology is one of the most important human sciences from which the
science of training derives a lot of information that leads the coach to
the goals and duties that the sports training process seeks to achieve
in order to bring the player to higher levels in the type of activity
practiced by achieving a balanced and stable psychological state of the
player so that the athlete can Through it, he exhausts his highest skill
energies in proper performance, because the player's excitement or
inactivity, both of them, may cause the injury.
Bad habits and addictions smoking, alcohol, drugs
Smoking and alcohol have a significant impact on the body’s tissues,
especially the nervous ones, as well as the player’s use of medical
drugs without a prescription leads him to injury and endangers him and
sometimes addiction, the abuse of stimulants and drugs loses the
player’s focus and neuro-muscular balance and exposes him to injury.
Prevention of sports injuries
To prevent sports injuries, some instructions must be followed to
eliminate the risk of injury, and they can be summarized as follows:
1- Adherence to the laws of the game and strictly following the coach's
instructions...because this protects the athlete and eliminates the
causes that lead to injury.
2- Developing physical and psychological fitness... Increasing physical
fitness reduces the risk of injury through its impact on the muscles,
ligaments and joints, as well as increasing the general endurance that
enables the player to compete throughout the training and competition
period without getting tired, as well as the psychological fitness of
the player has a great role In preventing injury because of its effect
on the nervous system and the player's response to the type of activity
practiced.
3 - Prevention through mastering the skill... Skill is of great
importance in providing safety. Therefore, skill training is not only a
means to improve performance, but to prevent injury, as it increases
physical and nervous control and increases the ability to appreciate
different motor situations and the attendant dangers, then work on
avoided.
4- A balanced diet with adequate rest... A balanced diet that is
compatible with the type of activity practiced has an effect in
preventing injury because it helps the player to recover from training,
and that eating food that contains enough energy and in the form of
carbohydrates to maintain Energy stores in the muscles help prevent
fatigue, as well as adequate rest and relaxation periods between and
during periods of intense training.
5- Adequate warm-up... Performing a proper and orderly warm-up of the
body contributes greatly to preventing injury, because of the positive
effects of warm-up, which are summarized as follows:
-Stretching muscles and tendons, especially those to be used.
-Warming the body, especially the deep parts, such as the muscles and
joints.
- Preparing the players before practice by arousing them mentally and
physically.
6- Taking into account the environmental conditions... through the use
of safe and usable tools at any time and the necessity of maintaining
the tools and devices used constantly, as well as the problem of natural
playing floors and the changes that occur to them depending on the
weather, as well as the artificial ones that cause injuries due to
excessive use due to their overuse. Whatever the type of floor, the
appropriate shoes must be chosen for the type of floor, so that the risk
of injury can be reduced. Also, choosing the athlete's personal clothing
carefully is one of the things that limits the occurrence of some
causes, and that wearing appropriate clothing in hot and cold weather
protects the athlete from the negative effects of the environment.
7- Conducting comprehensive and accurate medical examinations before
starting sports exercises, taking care of personal health, and
refraining from taking stimulants, smoking and bad habits.
8- Not to over-train and use appropriate training methods for the type
of activity and according to the physiological ability of the trainee
and his physical ability.
9- Choosing the intensity and periods necessary for training and
avoiding fatigue.
10- Continuing training and not interrupting for a long time.
Types of sports injuries
The reasons are divided according to the reason into:
1- Primary or direct injuries
They occur on the field as a result of a violent effort or an
unexpected accident and are the main type of injury. It is divided
into the following:
a. Self-injury caused by the player himself.
B. Injury due to external factors (opposing player, parts and tools).
c. Injury due to internal factors (changes within the body's tissues,
due to continuous training).
Personal injuries are less serious and are usually caused by a chronic
one, and most of them are the result of repeated minor injuries as a
result of an error in loading body tissues more than their capacity.
As for external injuries, they are usually sudden and are more severe
than self-injury, because the cause is a great external force at high
speed, and examples of these causes (fracture, dislocation, ligaments,
head injuries, and others).
Internal injuries occur as a result of changes in body tissues as a
result of continuous training and repetition of effort, which causes
the accumulation of waste and acids, especially when there is not
enough rest to drain them. Repeated stress may lead to muscle fibrosis
as a result of fatigue and thus the muscle losing its function or part
of its functions.
Injuries also occur due to some initial wrong complications. For
example, when a severe muscle bruise, bone cells may deposit inside
the muscle, which may turn it into a bone mass and lose its motor
functions (that is when muscle fibers are crushed between two solid
bodies, the solid body causing the bruise and the bone from the
inside).
Injuries may also occur as a result of tendon treatment for a primary
injury, especially in cases of local injection in the case of
inflammation of tendons and ligaments in the joints.
2- Secondary Injuries
It occurs as a result of a primary injury or due to wrong treatment
for a primary injury or as a result of incomplete treatment for a
primary injury and occurs in a place other than the site of the injury
and is often dynamic and complex. The knee pain was observed without
direct injury when the foot joint was injured in the uninjured leg,
which was neglected to treat as well as the presence of deformities
Congenital in the body, the effect of which appears when doing a
violent sports effort, causing muscle cramps and pain, for example,
the presence of bony appendages in the foot, pain in the calf muscle,
and flatness of the foot causes pain, back spasms, rapid fatigue ...
etc.
In addition to the types of injuries we mentioned, there are some
cases that do not represent a specific injury, but appear on the field
during high physical exertion and are often due to a congenital
deformity. the heart
Watch this: Recovery in the sports field