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The concept of injury, its causes and degrees
an introduction
The practice of various sports activities has become a science that has its
own origins, goals and rules, which must be taken into account in order to
ensure the achievement of higher sports levels, despite scientific progress
in various medical sciences and following modern methods of treatment and
provision of precautionary measures currently used in the field of sports to
prevent and reduce the incidence of injuries, whether that During training
or matches, however, we notice a high rate of these injuries during training
or sports competition, especially injuries that affect the musculoskeletal
system, due to the pressures that occur to the joints, ligaments, tendons
and muscles.
Sports injuries are one of the three most important obstacles that stand in
the way of the expected dynamic development of the sports training process,
and these three obstacles still challenge workers in the field of sports
medicine and training in particular, and workers in the sports field in
general. These three obstacles are represented in the phenomenon of fatigue
and the legalization of physical loads and sports injuries
The new initiative of sports medicine is to help the athlete in order to
avoid injuries that may occur, through the diagnosis of sports injuries and
how to study risk factors
Where injuries can be avoided by studying risk factors and providing safety
measures when practicing physical activity.
injury concept
The word ingury is derived from the Latin meaning damage or handicap.
These effects were mechanical, such as the player hitting a female
colleague or the field, or subjective effects such as the wrong
performance of the player himself during an unprecedented sports
performance in the warm-up, or not based on scientific foundations, such
as unregulated overload.
Injury is defined as: a defect affecting one or more of the body’s organs,
which leads to temporary or permanent disruption of this organ, which
causes anatomical changes such as limiting normal movement
For joints and muscles, physiological changes in the organic functions
occurred at the site of the injury, such as tearing, bleeding and changes
in skin color, as well as psychological changes that are the result of
severe emotional effects that obstruct the operations of the central
nervous system.
Injury is also defined as: It is a defect that may affect the motor
support device (muscles, bones, joints) or nerves, which outweighs the
dynamic development of the athlete’s level and prevents him from
continuing to perform his training or official and friendly participation,
which is a satisfactory phenomenon.
Sports injuries classification
There are two types of divisions:
First: divisions according to the severity of the injury and divided into
Minor injuries: such as (muscle strains - sprains - bruises - minor cuts -
muscle spasms).
1- Medium severity injuries: such as (non-fractured laceration).
2- Severe injuries: such as (dislocation - torn tendons and muscles -
fractures).
Second: divisions according to the degree of injury
1- First degree injuries: They are minor injuries in terms of
seriousness and do not hinder the player or prevent him from completing
the match and represent about (80-90%) of injuries such as (muscle
strains - sprains - abrasions - muscle spasms).
2- Second degree injuries: They are injuries of moderate severity that
hinder the player from practicing sports performance for a period of one
to two weeks, and they represent about (8%) of injuries such as
A first-degree muscle tear that is not accompanied by a fracture -
fatigue and muscle fatigue).
3- Third degree injuries: They are high-severity injuries that
completely hinder the player from sports performance for a period of no
less than a month, and represent about (3-5%) of injuries, which is a
small percentage, but it is very dangerous, such as (fractures of all
kinds - dislocations - lacerations of all kinds from second and third
degree).
Common causes of sports injuries
The causes of sports injuries vary depending on the type of sports
activity practiced and the nature of performance in it. Team games
differ from individual games, where football, basketball and hand
injuries differ.
The plane is different from boxing and wrestling, but each game differs
from the other in the degree and type of injury, and the injury differs
according to the nature of performance in the game, for example,
injuries to the lower extremity in football up to about (70%) of the
total injuries of that sport due to the use of the lower extremity in
Football, while it was found that the upper extremity injuries in
gymnastics represent about (72%) of the percentage of injuries in that
sport due to the use of the upper extremities in gymnastics, and the
injuries are often due to the following reasons:
- 1- Not to conduct a comprehensive periodic medical examination on the athletes so that the general health condition of the player can be monitored and any disease or injury treated before it multiplies and increases its risks.
- 2- The degree of the player’s physical efficiency during the competition. The less the player’s physical efficiency, the greater the possibility of his injury, because his physical preparation does not keep pace with some of the motor duties required to be carried out, such as speed, agility, endurance and strength.
- 3- Inconsistency and compatibility in the training of the player’s muscle groups, where attention must be paid to the development of all elements of the player’s physical fitness and not to pay attention to part of them at the expense of the other
- So that this does not cause any injury, for example, if the coach pays attention to speed training and neglects agility, the player may be exposed to injury when changing directions his body suddenly.
- 4- Lack of appropriate Healing methods before and after training or competition in order to quickly restore the normal functional state of the body, such as doing massage for some parts of the body, and giving the player the fluids that the body needs depending on the air temperature and the type of sports competition.
- 5- Not legalizing the physical load scientifically, in proportion to the capabilities of the players and the nature of the stage
- During the training year, which may lead to physical work that the player is not prepared to absorb, and he may be injured.
- 6- Not paying attention to the appropriate warm-up for the type of sports activity and the nature of the air temperature. The goal of the warm-up is to prepare and prepare the muscles and vital organs in the body with exercises and activities of gradual intensity before performing any physical activity in order to warm the muscles and prepare the blood circulation to receive the sudden movements that occur during training or performance in The competition.
- 7- Whether the training dates are chosen, training in harsh climatic conditions such as high temperatures or during heavy rain and snowfall all lead to
- Various injuries happening. Training at noon in the summer may affect the player with heat stroke or the player losing a large amount of fluids and salts, which causes muscle cramps, as well as training the player in a very cold weather that leads to muscle tension.
- 8- Loss of sportsmanship among the players, so violating the sportsmanship and the tendency to deliberate roughness between sports teams is an unacceptable phenomenon, and these violations abound in sports
- Which is characterized by friction, as in boxing and team games, and is often the result of the low level of sports technique in the player who is trying to compensate by resorting to the neck, as a result of the lack of the educational aspect of the players.
- 9- Lack of security and safety factors in sports facilities. Technical rules and conditions must be provided for the state of stadiums and places where sports are practiced in terms of devices and tools used and their safety, such as gymnastics equipment. Therefore, the safety of devices must be ensured before using them, and security and safety factors should be provided in terms of ranks. landing and from
- Where the degree of illumination and distances between devices during performance.
- 10 - The player does not wear his own protective equipment. The boxing player's use of a head guard and a dental guard is very important because it works to avoid concussion injuries to the head as well as maintain the integrity of the teeth and mouth.
- 11- Poor selection of the appropriate shoes for each sport in proportion to the nature of each foot. The appropriate shoes for the playing field constitute a permanent protection for the player’s feet. Indoor shoes are different from the field shoes with grass in football, and each sport has its own shoe. The shoe of the fencing player is different from the shoe of a football player. Hand, foot and other shoes.
- 12- Mismanagement of the match by the referees, where roughness occurs by some players during the match and the referee hesitates to issue a warning or an expulsion if necessary, which leads to the repetition of roughness in performance among the players and the occurrence of a large number of injuries.
- 13- Allowing the player to practice training and play before completing his treatment program, which exposes the player to injury a second time, and this may result in a doubling of the injury.
- 14- Failure to adhere to the medical guidelines for daily regimens, whether feed or rest and sleep periods.
- 15- Players' consumption and use of stimulants, alcohol and other factors that destroy health and affect the health status of players.
- 16- The inappropriateness of the physical type to the type of activity practiced, because every sports activity has physical and morphology specifications that must be within the necessary conditions in choosing the player for the type of activity.
- Sports activity, and the inappropriateness of the physical pattern for the type of sports activity makes the athlete more susceptible to injury due to the stress on him due to the lack of agreement between the specifications of the body and the skill requirements for that activity.
- 17- Malnutrition and the lack of nutritional balance in the athlete, especially the necessary mineral salts, which the athlete often loses frequently as a result of losing body fluids, which leads to muscle cramps and injury.
- 18- Heterogeneity of players in terms of physical readiness and skill level due to differences in age, gender and performance preference.
- 19 - Bad habits of athletes from their consumption of stimulants, alcohol and smoking. Smoking and alcohol affect the tissues and organs of the body, especially the nervous system, and the use of stimulants and drugs causes the athlete to lose focus and muscle and nervous balance and expose him to injury.
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